Papapātuhi IPA (Katoa)

Patohia ngā tuhinga whakahua o tētahi reo. Kei konei ngā tohu IPA ōkawa katoa (tae atu ki ngā tone), te extIPA, me ngā tohu mātai oro auau ehara i te IPA.

ɑ open back unrounded vowel
æ near-open front unrounded vowel
ɐ near-open central vowel
ɑ̃ nasalized open back unrounded vowel
β voiced bilabial fricative
ɓ voiced bilabial implosive
ʙ bilabial trill
ç voiceless palatal fricative
ɕ voiceless alveo-palatal fricative
ð voiced dental fricative
d͡ʒ voiced postalveolar affricate
ɖ voiced retroflex plosive
ɗ voiced alveolar implosive
ə mid-central vowel
ɚ rhotacized mid-central vowel
ɵ close-mid central rounded vowel
ɘ close-mid central unrounded vowel
/ solidus
[ left square bracket
] right square bracket
ɛ open-mid front unrounded vowel
ɜ open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɝ rhotacized open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɛ̃ nasalized open-mid front unrounded vowel
ɞ open-mid central rounded vowel
ɠ voiced velar implosive
ɢ voiced uvular plosive
ʛ voiced uvular implosive
ɡ script g
ħ voiceless pharyngeal fricative
ɦ voiced glottal fricative
ɥ labial-palatal approximant
ɧ Sje-sound
ʜ voiceless epiglottal fricative
ɪ near-close near-front unrounded vowel
ɨ close central unrounded vowel
ɪ̈ near-close central unrounded vowel
ʝ voiced palatal fricative
ɟ voiced palatal plosive
ʄ voiced palatal implosive
ɫ velarized alveolar lateral approximant
ɭ retroflex lateral approximant
ɬ voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
ʟ velar lateral approximant
ɮ voiced alveolar lateral fricative
ɱ labiodental nasal
ŋ velar nasal
ɲ palatal nasal
ɳ retroflex nasal
ɴ uvular nasal
ɔ open-mid back rounded vowel
œ open-mid front rounded vowel
ɒ open back rounded vowel
ɔ̃ nasalized open-mid back rounded vowel
ɶ open front rounded vowel
ø close-mid front rounded vowel
ɸ voiceless bilabial fricative
ɾ alveolar tap
ɹ alveolar approximant
ʁ voiced uvular fricative
ʀ uvular trill
ɻ retroflex approximant
ɽ retroflex flap
ɺ alveolar lateral flap
ʃ voiceless postalveolar fricative
ʂ voiceless retroflex fricative
θ voiceless dental fricative
t͡ʃ voiceless postalveolar affricate
t͡s voiceless alveolar affricate
ʈ voiceless retroflex plosive
ʊ near-close near-back rounded vowel
ʉ close central rounded vowel
ʌ open-mid back unrounded vowel
ʋ labiodental approximant
ⱱ labiodental flap
ɯ close back unrounded vowel
ʍ voiceless labio-velar approximant
ɰ velar approximant
χ voiceless uvular fricative
ɣ voiced velar fricative
ʎ palatal lateral approximant
ʏ near-close near-front rounded vowel
ɤ close-mid back unrounded vowel
ʒ voiced postalveolar fricative
ʐ voiced retroflex fricative
ʑ voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
ʔ glottal stop
ʕ voiced pharyngeal fricative
ʡ epiglottal plosive
ʢ voiced epiglottal fricative
| minor group
‖ major group
∅ zero
→ becomes
◌̀ low
◌̄ mid
◌́ high
◌̂ falling
◌̌ rising
◌᷈ rising-falling
ˈ primary stress
ˌ secondary stress
◌͡◌ tie bar
◌͜◌ tie bar
ː length mark
◌̆ extra short
ʰ aspirated
ʲ palatalized
ʷ labialized
◌̚ not audibly released
◌̃ nasalized
◌̈ centralized
◌̩ syllabic
◌̯ non-syllabic
◌̥ voiceless
◌̬ voiced
◌̪ dental
◌̺ apical
◌̝ raised
◌̞ lowered
◌̟ advanced (fronted)
◌̠ retracted (backed)
˩ extra low
˨ modifier letter low tone bar
˧ modifier letter mid tone bar
˦ high
˥ extra high
˥˩ falling
˩˥ rising
˩˨ low rising
˦˥ high rising
˧˦˧ rising-falling
ˑ half-long
‿ linking
ˤ pharyngealized
ˀ stød
ᵝ lip compression
ᵊ optional schwa
ʱ breathy-voice aspirated
ˡ lateral release
ⁿ nasal release
ʳ optional r
ᵗ optional t
ˠ velarized
ʼ ejective
ǀ dental click
ǁ lateral click
ǂ palatal click
ǃ (post-)alveolar click
ʘ bilabial click
◌̏ extra low
◌̋ extra high
◌᷅ low rising
◌᷄ high rising
◌̹ more rounded
◌̜ less rounded
◌̤ breathy voiced
◌̰ creaky voiced
◌̼ linguolabial
◌̘ advanced tongue root
◌̙ retracted tongue root
◌̻ laminal
◌̴ velarized or pharyngealized
˞ rhotacized
◌̑ non-syllabic (alternative symbol)
◌̊ voiceless (alternative symbol)
◌̽ mid-centralized
ꜜ downstep
ꜛ upstep
↘︎ global fall
↗︎ global rise
· middle dot
ʩ velopharyngeal fricative
ʪ voiceless grooved lateral alveolar fricative
ʫ voiced grooved lateral alveolar fricative
ꞎ voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
ʬ bilabial percussive
ʭ bidental percussive
¡ sublingual percussive
ʶ uvularized
˭ unaspirated
◌͆ dentolabial
◌͋ nasal fricative
◌͌ velopharyngeal
◌͊ denasal
◌͇ labioalveolar
◌͍ labial spreading
◌͈ strong articulation
◌͉ weak articulation
◌͎ whistled articulation
◌̣ whispery voice
◌͔ main gesture offset left
◌͕ main gesture offset right
◌͢◌ sliding articulation
↓ ingressive airflow
ↀ buccal
’ right single quotation mark
“ left double quotation mark
” right double quotation mark
– en dash
— em dash